Gastritis is the name of inflammatory processes of the gastric mucosa, which inevitably cause digestive problems. A person begins to digest food poorly, as a result of which his health deteriorates and weakness and lethargy appear. According to statistics, about half of the population of our country has painful symptoms of gastritis to one degree or another.
Diet for the treatment of gastritis
Many people wonder: what kind of diet should be followed in case of gastritis? This is a very important question, because proper nutrition is the main part of the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. If gastritis is present, a careful diet should always be followed, and if health improves, normal eating habits can only be returned gradually. In some cases, doctors prescribe a personal diet for gastritis.
It should also be remembered that enzyme deficiency develops with gastritis, so in some cases it is worth using enzyme preparations, such as Micrazim, together with the diet to improve digestion.
There are two types of gastritis: acute and chronic. In different people, these forms can be accompanied by both high and low stomach acidity. Acute gastritis is of the following types:
- fibrin (intensifies with the appearance of infectious diseases);
- catarrh (together with a violation of the integrity of the outer lining of the stomach);
- phlegmonous (causes purulent inflammatory processes on the walls of the stomach);
- corrosive (one of the side effects of poisoning).
On the other hand, chronic diseases manifest themselves in the following ways:
- superficial;
- hypertrophic;
- polyposis;
- bacteria;
- granulomatous;
- autoimmune.
Another form of chronic gastritis is characteristic of those people whose stomach walls have been damaged due to systematic alcohol consumption in large quantities.
The main principles of nutrition for gastritis
Remember that a proper gastritis diet is the key to successful symptom management. If the acidity of gastric juice is increased, you need to eat foods that help reduce its activity. Follow these three rules:
- Mechanical principle. Avoid foods that contain coarse fiber. Such products are onion cultures, meat with veins and bran. In addition, foods cooked in oil are strictly prohibited.
- Chemical principle. Avoid foods that can increase gastric secretions. This list includes alcohol, carbonated water, citrus fruits (including their juices), coffee, black bread, cabbage and rich meat broth.
- Thermal principle. Do not eat food that is at a very high or very low temperature. They irritate the esophagus, and cold food, among other things, lingers in the stomach longer than usual.
What foods can you eat if you have gastritis?
Include lean meat (such as rabbit) in your diet. Duck, lamb and goose are not allowed, but chicken can only be eaten without the skin.
Other acceptable foods and meals include:
- River fish;
- seafood;
- egg white omelette;
- oatmeal and buckwheat porridge;
- milk;
- zucchini, pumpkin, tomatoes, carrots, various greens;
- berries with a high sugar content;
- boiled and pureed fruit.
What should be missing from the diet?
If you have been diagnosed with gastritis caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, then it is not advisable to prescribe a diet for yourself. Be sure to consult a gastroenterologist or nutritionist for consistent and effective gastritis treatment.
With this disease, the menu should not include:
- Freshly baked goods, especially wholemeal bread, as well as puff pastries. Instead, it is better to eat white bread, plain cookies and pies.
- Soups with rich broth, including mushroom soup, cabbage soup and borscht. Such dishes should be replaced by light vegetable soups with potatoes, cabbage, carrots and onions.
- Smoked foods, as well as meat with fat and veins. Instead, it is better to eat dishes made from boiled or steamed meat (meatballs, meatballs). Allowed types of meat are chicken and lamb.
- Hard-boiled eggs and fried omelettes. They should be replaced with soft-boiled eggs and steamed omelettes.
- Any salty and spicy foods, marinades, chocolate, carbonated drinks, coffee and kvass.
- Alcohol.
Diet for increased acidity
With this form of gastritis, you should not overuse fruits and vegetables, as they can worsen health. However, these products should not be completely removed from the menu. Avoid foods that can stimulate the production of stomach acid and choose foods that reduce acid levels. By eating right, you're more likely to lose weight than gain it. Below is a table showing the permitted and prohibited products:
| Vegetables: carrots, pumpkin, potatoes, beets. Easy vegetable salad. Tomatoes: ripe, chopped. Cucumbers without skin. | Greenery. |
| Fruits: non-acidic, ripe, without skin (banana, pear, apple). It is best to eat fruits not raw, but fried. Watermelons and melons - in very limited quantities. | Fried potatoes, pickles, sauerkraut. |
| Milk (from cow or goat), cream, yogurt. Fresh cottage cheese. | Sour cream, kefir, hard cheese. |
| Soup with dietary broth. | Cabbage soup and borscht in rich broth. |
| Pasta | Legumes |
| Boiled chicken or rabbit meat, lean river fish. | Smoked meat, fish and meat with a high fat content, canned food. |
| Oatmeal and buckwheat | Dried fruits |
| Soft boiled eggs. | Chocolate |
| Crackers, white bread (which has been standing for a couple of days), dry cookies. | Hard-boiled eggs, fried omelette. |
| Weak tea and coffee, cocoa with milk. | Rye and freshly baked bread. Cakes, pastries with cream filling. |
Low acid diet
In such circumstances, you need to eat differently than in the previous case. Foods that promote gastric secretion should be eaten. The table below shows foods that are suitable for remission. If there is severe pain in the stomach, then foods that irritate the stomach tissue should be excluded from the menu.
Vegetables: fried potatoes, tomatoes, greens, carrots, beets, pumpkin, pickles.
Diet for gastritis - general recommendations
Patients with gastritis should exclude spices used in the cooking process from the menu. You can improve the taste of food with fresh herbs (parsley, dill, celery). Greens will also help supplement the diet with vitamins: try to flavor as many dishes as possible with finely chopped greens.
You should eat small meals but avoid snacks; in this way, the stomach will not have difficulty digesting the food. Chew your food thoroughly and eat slowly. Food eaten in a hurry can worsen your health and aggravate gastritis. Chew your food until it becomes an easily digestible paste.
Do not forget that a proper and balanced diet is the key to treating gastritis. Many patients who followed a strict diet during treatment say that it helped them successfully overcome all symptoms and pain associated with this disease within 4 weeks.
Important: read the instructions or consult your doctor before use.
What to eat in stomach gastritis?
Characteristics of gastritis
Gastritis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the stomach lining that causes pain, loss of appetite and other symptoms. Of all pathologies of the digestive tract, the majority of patients suffer from this disease.
Many people underestimate the importance of timely diagnosis of gastritis and consider it a minor abnormality that does not require treatment. They think that the disease will not cause any harm and will gradually go away on its own without treatment. But if treatment methods and diet are not applied in time, the pathology can gradually develop into peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum and malignant transformation.
Etiological factors
Many studies have been conducted, statistics have been collected, according to which Helicobacter pylori is the basis of the development of gastric inflammatory pathologies. This is a bacterium that attacks the walls of the stomach and duodenum. Most people are just carriers of the bacterium, but under the influence of negative factors, it begins to multiply actively, causing pathology. It is Helicobacter pylori that over time can cause the formation of atypical mucosal cells, which will lead to malignant degeneration.
- Eating poor quality food. This includes fatty, fried, spicy, smoked and excessively salty foods. This type of food aggressively affects the walls of the stomach, causing an inflammatory process. Due to the damage, Helicobacter pylori begins to multiply actively.
- Kurenie. Nicotine and smog spread in the respiratory tract and digestive system during smoking. It negatively affects the mucous membrane, causes irritation and increased inflammation.
- Drinking large amounts of alcohol. It has a toxic effect on all tissues of the body, including the gastrointestinal tract. This leads to the occurrence or intensification of inflammation.
- Stress. Great physical and psychoemotional stress. These factors cause an active production of cortisol. This causes increased secretion of hydrochloric acid. If it acts on the stomach walls in the absence of a food bolus, damage occurs.
If the patient is affected by several factors at the same time, the disease develops faster.
Clinical signs
In the early stages, the patient and doctor may not notice visual signs. The more damage occurs, the more actively the inflammatory process develops.
- pain in the epigastric region, aggravated by stress, eating, hunger;
- nausea, vomiting, which occurs regardless of food intake;
- constipation, diarrhea.
There are signs by which it can be determined whether a patient has a gastroenterological pathology.
- frequent epigastric pain;
- point pain in the middle of the abdomen;
- heartburn;
- frequent belching;
- constipation, diarrhea;
- occasional nausea;
- vomiting for no reason;
- the presence of any gastroenterological diseases in close relatives;
- the presence of bad habits (smoking, frequent alcohol consumption, overeating);
- periodic use of a strict diet.
It is impossible to make a diagnosis independently, because the symptoms can be temporary disorders or other acute, chronic diseases. It is important that the doctor conducts an examination and diagnosis, which, depending on the formation of the lesion, will mean conservative or radical treatment.
diet
- gastroenterologist;
- nutritionist.
It is better if these doctors work together to provide quality treatment.
- degree of mucosal damage;
- degree of spread of damage to different parts of the gastrointestinal tract;
- reasons for defeat.
After collecting complete information, a nutritional regimen is drawn up. This is one of the fundamental treatments that reduce the burden on the gastrointestinal tract.
- with high acidity;
- with low acidity.
Regardless of the chosen type of diet, the gastroenterologist must remind the basic principles of proper nutrition during the illness.
- Partitioning. The total amount of products that the patient should consume in 1 day is determined. It is divided into 6 parts, evenly dividing the meals throughout the day. That is, the patient must eat food every 3 hours. Do not overeat or starve, as these factors negatively affect the state of the stomach. One portion of food is about the volume of two palms.
- Chewable. The consumed food begins to be digested in the oral cavity under the influence of saliva containing enzymes. Therefore, it is important to chew each piece for a long time.
- Rest after eating. You need to sit and lie down for 30 minutes so that the digestion process starts without obstacles.
- Temperature. If an inflammatory process is suspected, eat warm food. It should not be too hot or cold.
- Water mode. Drink at least 2 liters of water a day to maintain a stable water-electrolyte balance and prevent the development of dehydration. Drink water gradually throughout the day.
- Mandatory protein intake. Proteins are the basis of body structure. Thanks to them, damaged tissue recovers faster after gastritis.
- Prohibition of eating too coarse food. It should not contain lumps that could injure the affected mucosal structure.
- Proper cooking. It is boiled, steamed, baked. No baking or smoking.
- Prohibition of alcohol consumption, caffeine, energy drinks, soda.
- Maintaining the concentration of vitamins. If they are normal, metabolism and metabolism improve, the nervous system and digestive tract are strengthened. If nutrients are insufficient, multivitamin preparations are used.
Applying these rules reduces the load on the stomach during treatment.
Fruits with high acidity
Gastritis accompanied by normal or high acidity requires a special diet. It is necessary to monitor the temperature of food: it is not recommended to eat food whose temperature exceeds 40-50 ⁰C. Fruits can be pureed, steamed, boiled, fried or stewed, as well as in purees, mousses, jellies, jellies or compotes. It is not recommended to eat fruits with a high content of organic acids (pomegranates, citrus fruits, fresh apricots), unripe or acidic fruits. During exacerbation, all fruits should be consumed only in puree. At other times it is better to use:
- apples of sweet varieties;
- avocado.
Fruits with low acidity
For the opposite form of gastritis, when acidity is reduced, doctors recommend other fruits:
- citrus fruits - prevents the formation of malignant cells, maintains normal acidity;
- pomegranate and its juice help restore the gastric mucosa;
- peaches - promote the production of gastric juice, but they should be eaten only by patients who are not allergic to fruits.
Attention! For any pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, it is important not to overload the stomach and follow the diet prescribed by the doctor.
Diet for gastritis with high acidity
- excessive production of hydrochloric acid;
- an increase in the acidity of hydrochloric acid.
Hydrochloric acid is usually used to break down stomach contents. But it must be within certain limits so as not to damage the tissues of the body itself.
- inflammation;
- erosion;
- ulcer;
- perforation.
Gastritis can develop at different ages. Long-term exposure to harmful factors is enough for the inflammatory process to develop. If the acidity of gastric juice increases, you should follow a certain diet that reduces these indicators.
Attention! Many patients know that the use of antacids reduces the acidity of gastric juice. However, it is forbidden to use this medicine independently. They have contraindications and side effects.
When using a diet, it is important to follow certain rules in order to be successful.
- Avoid foods that cause or worsen stomach wall damage. This is a food that contains fiber and solid elements. For example, cereals, buns, bran, string meat. All food should be as soft and easily digestible as possible.
- Rejection of any foods and drinks that cause an increase in the acidity of hydrochloric acid. For example, citrus fruits, canned goods, coffee, alcohol, soda.
- Eating food at a warm temperature. Do not use boiling water, hot liquids or food. Cold food is also unacceptable. The optimal limits are 25-35 degrees.
If the patient's gastritis is severely aggravated and causes unbearable pain, a strict diet should be started immediately. This will help to significantly reduce the inflammatory process and allow the tissues to recover. Already on the 3rd day, a person will feel relief. But this is possible only with the additional use of medications prescribed by a doctor.
- low-fat chicken or vegetable broth with crackers, which can be replaced with soft porridge (for example, oatmeal);
- pasta soup with milk (hard pasta is allowed);
- boiled new potatoes without cream, salt;
- milk with reduced fat content, so as not to cause an increased load on the gastrointestinal tract due to the appearance of a high concentration of lactose.
If there is a pronounced exacerbation and acute pain, each product is added gradually, in small portions. This will allow the digestive tract to get used to it and will not cause negative reactions. But if the food causes nausea or increased pain, it is better to replace it with another type of food.
As soon as the acute period has passed, the diet is continued.
- boiled, fried eggs, they have a high concentration of protein (the yolk can be removed to limit the amount of fat);
- lean chicken, rabbit, beef, which can be fried, boiled, steamed (remove the skin before cooking);
- fish and seafood, which contain a large amount of omega-3, which has a beneficial effect on the digestive tract and nervous system;
- milk to be boiled first;
- soups with cereal additives (any cereal is allowed, except semolina);
- vegetables sold in the store according to the season;
- fruits, which are recommended to be consumed between main meals, so as not to cause tension on the gastrointestinal tract, but not to leave the stomach empty;
- quality sausages;
- olive, sunflower oil;
- dumplings and similar products made at home from natural minced meat and a thin layer of dough;
- offal, of which the liver has the most positive effect, as it contains a large amount of trace elements and vitamins;
- soft cheeses;
- honey, weak tea, herbal decoctions, dried fruit compote.
- bakery products, muffins, fresh pastries;
- candies, chocolate;
- dairy products.
All of these foods increase stomach acidity. Carbohydrates negatively affect any part of the digestive tract, causing strong acidity. This is a favorable environment for the growth of Helicobacter pylori. In addition, they refuse to chew gum, because hydrochloric acid is actively produced during its use. If it is too much, acid gastritis will increase. This can lead to erosion and ulceration.
Diet for gastritis with low acidity
With this type of gastric inflammation, the concentration and acidity of hydrochloric acid decreases. Therefore, food is poorly digested, large pieces of food enter the intestines, which creates a large load. It negatively affects the state of the entire digestive tract. Usually people aged 40 and over suffer from such gastritis.
- atrophic condition of the gastric mucosa;
- tissue thinning;
- decreased parietal cell function.
Gastritis with low acidity is one of the most dangerous diseases that is difficult to treat. Therefore, it is important to start treatment at an early stage, before a precancerous condition has developed.
To correct the pathology, you need to consume foods that will stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. You also need to increase its acidity to process the food bolus.
Attention! It is necessary to simultaneously increase acidity and not burden the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, it is forbidden to use fatty, spicy, fried, smoked foods, fast food and alcohol, regardless of the fact that they increase acidity.
- drink 200 ml of slightly carbonated mineral water before eating;
- chew food thoroughly, gradually eating each piece; the whole meal takes at least 30 minutes;
- Between meals, it is recommended to eat fruits that increase acidity, you can bake them in advance to avoid stress.
- types of lean meat - chicken, turkey, rabbit, beef;
- any kind of fruits and vegetables that do not have a coarse fiber structure (citrus fruits, white cabbage and cauliflower are recommended);
- vegetable and meat broths;
- a small concentration of carbohydrates in the form of sweets and pastries;
- any kind of fermented milk products;
- canned foods;
- herbal decoctions, teas, berry and fruit compote.
Since milk in any way reduces the acidity of gastric juice, it is forbidden to use it when preparing a diet.
Gastritis is one of the most common digestive problems among the population. The disease can affect patients of any age. It can be prevented if you follow the rules of prevention. But if the pathology has already developed, it is important to make a timely diagnosis and start treatment to prevent complications. The basis of therapy is a proper and high-quality diet, improving lifestyle and avoiding bad habits. The diet is selected individually for each patient, depending on the degree of damage and the acidity of gastric juice.